The Petofi Circle and the Association of Hungarian University and College Union (MEFESZ) are important organization. The Petofi Ciecle published "ten points", while the MEFESZ published the "six-teen points." Mainly their requirements were similar.
1) Imre Nagy should be a new leader in Hungarian government
2) Soviet armies should get away from Hungary
3) The government should establish new economic policy
4) The government should guarantee equal right and justice.
First, students began demonstration on 23 October, 1956 to demand radio building to broadcast their points. However director refused their requests. Soon, AVH began to attack. Immediately the demonstration turned to revolution. Soviet army continued to attack in Budapest. On 28 October, the Soviet army stopped attack, then Nagy established a new government. However, when he knew that the Soviet army would come to attack in Budapest again, he sent a message to the UN on 1st November. In a message, he mentioned the future policy of Hungary. He mentioned that Hungary would like to be neutral status, like Yugoslavia, not be western side or eastern side. However, on 4th November the Soviet army attacked Hungary again. As a result of that 200,500 Hungarians immigrated to foreign countries, around 30,000 Hungarians were put in jail.
Western europe and the US showed sympathy, however nobody helped Hungary, because they focused on Suez Crisis. Further, the presidential election had began in the US. In the Cold War, they just may be afraid of powerful Russian power, but the international supports were helpless.
In Hungarian Revolution they did not revolt against socialism or communism. They fought agains the political dictatorship with terror and the Soviet armies' occupation in Hungary. The revolution did not have nationalistic factors, but people just attempted to improve their life. For Hungarians, Yugoslavia is a great example.
Josip Broz Tito split up Stalin in 1948 and maintained Yugoslavia's independence from the Soviet Union and established Yugoslav market-socialist model, in other words, the worker's self-management councils. Since Tito became president in Yugoslavia, he had penetrated on his policy. At the Belgrade Declaration in June, 1955, Tito told Khrushchev that Yugoslavia would stay a neutral position and continues to conduct its own war of economic policy. Khrushchev accepted Tito's decision. It means that Yugoslavia could continue its original economic policy and would not join NATO or Warsaw Pact.
At that time, Yugoslavia possessed 504,000 Hungarian minorities, most of them lived in Vojvodina. They enjoyed Yugoslavia's standards and could visit relatives in Hungary freely. Therefore, the Yugoslav position was the most attractive for Hungary as the same communistic country.
In this revolution many Hungarians died. Until the last Soviet advisors left Hungary in 1989, Hungary was under the communism. I think, however this revolution was not in vain. It triggered the decline of the Soviet communism and prompted people and the government in countries to re-think about values and priorities as political thought.
I will introduce good books for this topic.
2) Soviet armies should get away from Hungary
3) The government should establish new economic policy
4) The government should guarantee equal right and justice.
First, students began demonstration on 23 October, 1956 to demand radio building to broadcast their points. However director refused their requests. Soon, AVH began to attack. Immediately the demonstration turned to revolution. Soviet army continued to attack in Budapest. On 28 October, the Soviet army stopped attack, then Nagy established a new government. However, when he knew that the Soviet army would come to attack in Budapest again, he sent a message to the UN on 1st November. In a message, he mentioned the future policy of Hungary. He mentioned that Hungary would like to be neutral status, like Yugoslavia, not be western side or eastern side. However, on 4th November the Soviet army attacked Hungary again. As a result of that 200,500 Hungarians immigrated to foreign countries, around 30,000 Hungarians were put in jail.
Western europe and the US showed sympathy, however nobody helped Hungary, because they focused on Suez Crisis. Further, the presidential election had began in the US. In the Cold War, they just may be afraid of powerful Russian power, but the international supports were helpless.
In Hungarian Revolution they did not revolt against socialism or communism. They fought agains the political dictatorship with terror and the Soviet armies' occupation in Hungary. The revolution did not have nationalistic factors, but people just attempted to improve their life. For Hungarians, Yugoslavia is a great example.
Josip Broz Tito split up Stalin in 1948 and maintained Yugoslavia's independence from the Soviet Union and established Yugoslav market-socialist model, in other words, the worker's self-management councils. Since Tito became president in Yugoslavia, he had penetrated on his policy. At the Belgrade Declaration in June, 1955, Tito told Khrushchev that Yugoslavia would stay a neutral position and continues to conduct its own war of economic policy. Khrushchev accepted Tito's decision. It means that Yugoslavia could continue its original economic policy and would not join NATO or Warsaw Pact.
At that time, Yugoslavia possessed 504,000 Hungarian minorities, most of them lived in Vojvodina. They enjoyed Yugoslavia's standards and could visit relatives in Hungary freely. Therefore, the Yugoslav position was the most attractive for Hungary as the same communistic country.
In this revolution many Hungarians died. Until the last Soviet advisors left Hungary in 1989, Hungary was under the communism. I think, however this revolution was not in vain. It triggered the decline of the Soviet communism and prompted people and the government in countries to re-think about values and priorities as political thought.
I will introduce good books for this topic.
- Cartledge, Bryan, C. "The will to survive-A History of Hungary" 2011
- edited by Kiraly, K. Bela and Jonas, Paul "The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 in Restrospect" 1977
And museum, "House of Terror" in Budapest is also good to learn the communist era in Hungary.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Terror
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