Živjo!!
Today, I will inform my audiences about the French and Napoleon influence to the Balkans ;)
In the end of 18th century, Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) invaded the Balkans. First he acquired the Ionian Island from the Venetian Republic by the Campo Formio Treaty in 1797. In this treaty, France and Austria divided the Venetian possessions. It means that France gained the Ionian Island, while Austria acquired the Dalmatia.
(By the way, I did not know that the Venetian Republic stretched from Venice to Dubrovnik!! and that Venice took only sea side!!! )
Napoleon continued to invade Europe from 1803 to 1815. This series wars is called "Napoleonic War". In 1804, France battled against Austria. France defeated Austria. By the Treaty of Pressburg in 1805, France gained Dalmatia, parts of Italy, south parts of Germany from Austria. In 1809 Austria was defeated by France again. Then France acquired today's Slovenia, Istria, Trieste, and parts of Croatia. He established the Illyrian Provinces by combined these territories.
Napoleon supported the cultural and economic development of the Illyrian Provinces. He sent sent Marshal Marmont (1774-1852) and introduced new ideology to the Illyrian Province. The important policy is as indicate below.
- Established secondary school
- Encouraged to use the national language in school and public
- Abolished feudalism
- Established democratic government
- Recognized civil and criminal justice
The reign of France lasted only 4 years, from 1809 to 1814 however, it united Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes for the first time and related to the idea of Illyrian or Yugoslav unity and independence (1)
I introduced only an example of the Illyrian province, but French influence spread over not only Illyrian province, but also the region which Napoleon invaded. It is amazing.
Actually, I can see the French influence in Slovenia, but today is enough.
I will describe on the next time ;)
Bye bye ;))
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reference
(1) Stavrianos, L.S. The Balkans since 1453. 1958; London , 2000. Chap. "The Balkans, the French Revolution, and Napoleon: 1792-1815". (p212)
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